Ecotourism and Development of Indigenous - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Ecotourism and Development of Indigenous. Answer: Introduction The following assignment deals with the analysis of a famous tourist destination. The place, that is selected here, is Brazil. It will prove the importance of Brazil as a tourist spot. Brazil is developing in tourism and the Government is focusing on the growth by offering expenditures as much as possible. The project starts with a map of Brazil and gradually focuses on the various aspects of Brazil tourism including Brazilian society and its diversity, attractions of Brazil, Carnival of Rio, importance of Iguacu falls as tourist spot and mega-events in Brazil tourism. It also gives a view of ecotourism, inhabitants of favela and Pataxo, a brochure of the tourist spots, gastronomic experiences and availability of transports and accommodation for tourists. Brazil is the most visited country in South America and has earned its place among the best tourist countries in the world. The conclusion will be a justification of the report as it establishes Brazil as one of the famous tourist s pots of the world. Brazil possesses a creative diversity (Unesco.org 2017). People from different culture and lifestyle dwell here. Brazil has inhabitants of all shapes and colors that add diversity in society. Migrants from Europe and Africa have raised the population that is about 190 million (Meyer 2017). Brazilians are friendly in manner and they accept the tourists over the world gladly. The population of Brazil includes Portuguese, African, Germans, Poles, Italians, Spaniards and Nipponic. Ethnic diversity in a country has far-reaching effects on economic development (Ahlerup and Olsson 2012). Sao Paulo is one of the major industrial centers. It produces iron, tin, gold, manganese and exports steel. Brazilian coffee is famous and a large amount of wealth comes from it. The large industrial sector offers employment to the Brazilians and it has options like automobiles and aircrafts. Brazil is financially strong and people from other countries get opportunities in job field. Brazilians have values for their community and religion and such diversity has attracted many people to step into Brazil and make it one of the popular tourist spots in the world. The creation of the Brazilian Ministry of Tourism in 2003 is the evidence that the Government has identified Brazil as a major tourist destination (De Araujo and Dredge 2012). The main natural spots, which attract tourist most, are The Amazon River and the Amazon Jungle. People, who are fond of animals and natural views, often get attracted to The Amazon and step into here. Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro are the two major cities, which are popular as tourist destinations. Sao Paulo offers various spots for the tourists among which Sao Paulo Museum of Art, Ibirapuera Park, Sao Paulo Cathedral, Pinacoteca do Estado de Sao Paulo, Botanical Garden, Theatro Municipal are mostly visited. Sao Paulo is the first place to be inhibited by Portuguese and the historical context of this city attracts visitors widely. Rio de Janeiro is culturally diversified and attracts people for decades. Waves of Prainha, dense rainforests of Tijuca, beauty of Ipanema beach, the statue of Christ the Redeemer and the view from Sugarloaf Mountain fascinate visitors over the world. This city was one of the cities to host 2014 FIFA World Cup that welcomes millions of people for an international sport event (Fifa.com 2017). Carnival of Rio de Janeiro: Brazil is famous for its Carnival arranged in Rio de Janeiro. Rio Carnival is a celebration of five days that takes place in February, the summer season in Brazil. It is performed to reduce the bodily pleasures, which provide parade and ball nights. Samba is used as the music here and the Samba Schools play a vital part in it. Corado do Bola Preta, Carmelitas, Sovaco do Cristo are some of famous bands to participate in Carnival. Carvinal of Rio is not only a source of entertainment but also a measurement of cultural diversity in Brazil (Rio-carnival.net 2017). It was the Portuguese community who introduced this carnival in Rio and people from different cultures participate in it. Favelas, a poor neighborhood, join the festival and add color to it every year. Carnival of Rio abolishes all the boundaries and inequalities in Brazil. Tourists attend this festival every year and they are attached to it. Pre-booking for hotels and flights are available. This Carnival adds an extra glory to the history of tourism in Brazil. Iguacu Falls is one of the natural wonders of the universe.275 individual drops assimilated in this falls and enchanted people from everywhere (Meyer 2017). This falls stands as a boundary wall between Brazil and Argentina and serves as a geographical structure of South America. The width of this falls is 2.7kilometres and the height is between 60-80metres. Iguacu is taller and wider than Niagara Falls. Devils Throat, from where the water comes, is 150 meters wide and 700 meters long. The meaning of Iguacu is big water and both European and Spanish Conquistador explore it. Visitors from many places come to view the beauty of Iguacu Falls, mainly during spring or autumn. In order to have a clear view, special pathway is built around the falls. Facility as if helicopter ride is there that offers an undisturbed fascinating view of the Iguacu. The visitors can book their seats in buses, which are allocated to travel the site in advance. The Government has assured all the possible advanta gesthat result in growing number of travelers. Brazil organizes annual Carnival in Rio de Janeiro and it has attracted many people to come and join it. The Samba schools in Rio participate in this carnival and add color to it. Some of them are Beija-Flor, Mangueira, Mocidade, Portela, Salgueiro, Sao Clemente, Uniao Da Ilha, Unidos Da Tijuca and Vila Isabel(Rio-carnival.net 2017). Most of them are very old Samba schools of Rio and look traditional while performing. The schools are famous for using color and creative equipments. Some of them have their traditional symbols like Eagle, Fire and Humming Bird. The color and variety of the festival fascinates the tourists most. Brazil has many sea beaches among which Copacabana is famous for its energetic atmosphere. The beach runs almost 4km and it is one of the beautiful sea beaches in the world. The beach provides hotels, restaurants, music and sports for the visitors and November-March remain the busiest time for it (Meyer 2017).In the carnival of 2017, some people meet accident and are injured due to an out-of-control truck (Heraldlive.co.za 2017). It arises controversy for sometime though the popularity of Carnival overcomes the hurdles and remains glorious as well. Brazil has organized many events among which the Pan America Games, and the FIFA World Cup 2014 in Rio de Janeirobecome headlines (Maiello and Pasquinelli 2015). These mega-events have developed a major portion of the economy in Brazil. These events are remarkable in the history of Brazil. People across the globe join the events and the Government has earned billions through railways, airports and highways. The media agencies get benefits from covering the events and telecasting those worldwide. Tourism in Brazil is developing and these events offer more options for the visitors to roam around the cities and its spots. In case of a tourist country, mega events may affect the tourism section (Mills and Rosentraub 2013). The huge crowd gathering for the events may affect people, who come to visit tourist spots only. The congestion causes issues with transportation and traffic. The regular tourists are attracted to the events and follow to join it. It creates an adverse impact on the to urism department. Ecotourism is another name for nature tourism. It is a strategy employed to conserve nature and promote sustainable development as well as providing benefits to the nature-seeking tourists and local communities (PegasandCastley 2014). Brazil is rich in flora and fauna and one can enjoy nature at its purest form in Brazil. There are innumerable kinds of ecotourism attractions in Brazil. Firstly, Amazon rainforest, worlds largest rainforest, allows tourist from worldwide to explore the vast landscape and its unparalleled biodiversity. It includes two national parks such as Tapajos and Pico da Neblina National Park that attract tourists for hiking activities, birdwatching, and fauna diversity. Pataxo people are famous for making hiking trails in the forests that have attracted tourists to enjoy the nature along with the authentic culture of the ethnic groups. Other ecotourism location includes Pantanal, which is one of the largest wetlands that are rich in exotic species and wildlife. C errado is recognized as the worlds richest savanna and one of the ancient ecosystems of Brazil (PegasandCastley 2014). Ecotourism is emerging as one of the important source of income for many people in Brazil due to its impeccable biodiversity. It not only helps in preserving the biodiversity and wildlife but is also a boon for the local communities as it generates employment opportunities and income. However, much of the revenue generated through ecotourism goes to the ecotourism corporations, preventing local people of any benefit (Coria andCalfucura 2012). In order to develop ecotourism, many region is undergoing infrastructure development and urbanization, thus, rendering people homeless and in poverty. Motivations and Impacts of Amazons Ethnic Groups: The development of favela as a tourist attraction place dates back to 1990s. Before the development of tourism, favela was considered culturally inferior region as it was linked with crimes such as drug trafficking and brutality. Nowadays, tourists are attracted towards the living style of favela dwellers of Rio de Janeiro, which is very different from the tourist lifestyle. Favela provides authentic cultural experiences. Favela dwellers are culturally rich ethnic groups and many cultures such as street art, samba, and hip-hop attract tourists to visit favela (Frisch 2012). The kayapo people are known as the guardian of the Amazon jungle. They are one of the oldest Indian tribe residing in the Amazon jungle and have been protecting the Jungle from the grips of Technology, modern hood, hunting as well as mining. In 1989 they have earned a worldwide recognition as a result of their precedents setting victory which they have acquired when they became successful in halting a large hydroelectric project that would have destroyed their land. The Tourist usually get attracted by the way of their lifestyle as well as the different beliefs that they Harbour within their traditions. All this makes them interesting individuals which people all over the world want to see once in their life. The kayapo people usually utilizes black body paint all over their body as the belief that their ancestors have learnt their social skills from different types of insects and therefore they also paint their bodies in such a way so that they can mimic them. They also paint their legs red so that it does rub off with the surrounding terrain. Their history of fight with the different Enemies who wanted to capture their land also make tourist attracted towards their destination In case of favela dwellers, much of the economic benefit by tourism is borne by the tour operators. Language difference is a drawback for the local people as it prevents the local people to interact with the tourists. Tourist operators also help kayapo similarly. They were never fond of outside people on their land. However with the passing of time they have become much cordial towards tourists. This is mainly due to the help that the government has provided towards them in providing long term funding for guarding their land. They mainly follow sustainable economic activities such as transforming non Timber forest goods into consumer goods, harvesting, transporting and processing of nuts and many others which have given them a proper livelihood. The Tourists who visit this land are often accompanied by kayapos who help the tourist to learn about different medicinal plants that they often use in their own life. They also help the tourist by making them learn how they hunt and also liv e it in the forest. Nowadays motorized canoes and kayaks are used within this jungle area by tourist people with the help of the tourism industry as well as the kayapo people. This tribal people has been in contact with the outside society since only a few decades and therefore they are still in the learning process about negotiating with the new realities of a capitalist society. External supports are now on helping the people to get accustomed with tourists. They are also helping them to understand and thereby deal with the modern society. This external support is also helping them to be empowered and to continue to protect their land against invaders from different types of ranchers, miners and loggers. Gastronomic Experiences: Each country is known for its gastronomic uniqueness. The gastronomy of a place helps to understand the cultural diversity within a country as well as the footprints left by the other immigrants. Apart from providing natural beauty and varieties of outdoor activities, the cuisine of Brazil has always attracted tourists owing to its uniqueness and variety. The cuisine of Brazil differs between each region. This is due to the cultural diversity in Brazil. Feijoada is a universal food and plays a central role in the cuisine of Brazil. The native people inhabiting the region influence the cuisine in different region. For example, manioc is the staple food found in North Brazil, as the Amerindian tribes mainly inhabit it. Some of the unique food provided to the tourist includes piro, farofa, manioc found in North Brazil. Tourists can experience mixture of African and Portuguese cuisines in Bahia region of Brazil. The northeast Brazil provides foods such as coconut milk, okra, beans, palm oil, and moqueca, which indicate the influence of African culture. Southern region of Brazil is influenced by Argentina cuisine. Hence, cultural diversity is observed in the gastronomy of Brazil (e Lima 2012). Apart from different varieties of food, each place has its unique style of preparing food such as manioc, feijoada, polenta, and many others. Brazil is a country of cultural diversity where tourists can experience flavours of different countries in its cuisine. Transport provision is a key function in the development of tourism (Lohmann and Pearce 2012). Brazil provides various opportunities to the tourists in transport system. Domestic flights, long distance buses, cars, trains and boats, urban transports like metro, bus, taxi all are available here. Brazil is a large country and it has many airports domestically and internationally. The bus journey is also comfortable here and it is expanded all over the country and outside. Public companies own the buses and the cities have sufficient bus terminals. Car renting system is here beside private car and many companies provide the facility to the local people as well the tourists. Brazil needs to improve its train system so that tourists can enjoy the scenic beauty while travelling. The Brazilian Government is trying to give the best infrastructure to it (Dias et al. 2015). Tourists are provided cruise between Santos and Salvador. Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro have metro railway system that is easier to follow than the buses. Metros are available at night also during Rio Carnival. Tourists can afford taxis within the cities and it makes the journey quite comfortable. Brazil provides good accommodation for the tourists. Rio de Janeiro has expensive hotels than other small countries. ZonaSul, Leblon are the places where people like to stay during Rio Carnival. Sao Paulo has 12000 restaurants, pubs and clubs to provide comforts to the visitors (Meyer 2017). The accommodation in Brazil includes hotels, pousadas, backpackers hostels, campings, aparthotels, resorts, motels and jungle lodgings. The hotels come in various prices and ranges. The most luxurious guesthouses in Brazil are pousadas and it is famous in foreign travelers. Hostels are available in Brazil for young people and it has facilities like dormitories. Campings are not very fascinating among Brazilians and it offers an average quality of comfort. Aparthotels are like small apartments offering kitchens also. Brazilians like the resorts most as it provides all the facilities under one roof. Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro have a large number of resorts in their accommodation lists. Motels are called love hotels and suitable for couples. In Amazon areas, there are some purpose built lodges where tourists may spend nights. These lodges reveal the beauty of nature and known as jungle lodges. Brazil is growing fast in hotel network and it is almost 7% per year (Luchiari and Serrano 2015). Conclusion This project helps to understand the growth and development of Brazil as a tourist place. It is one-in-all destination for all the tourists. Tourists experience from the peace and serenity of the nature to the bustling crowd of the carnival. It represents diversity in every form. Sao Paulo attract tourist owing o its historical importance. Some places such as the statue of Christ the Redeemer, Sao Paulo Museum of Art, Sao Paulo Cathedral, Pinacoteca do Estado de Sao Paulo holds very important place in the history. Other places such as Amazon rainforest and Bahia region attracts tourists for different activities such as hiking and promote ecotourism. The different ethnic groups and their lifestyle have also attracted tourists from worldwide. This project explains the development of tourism in Brazil and its importance for the economic growth of the country. Brazilian government is playing an active role in the growth of tourism by developing transport and accommodation facilities and meeting the needs of the tourists. Apart from that, the project also provides a glimpse of the effect of the tourism on the local people of Brazil. The project provides a complete analysis of the Brazil from a tourist destination point of view. The different places to visit, the cuisine diversity, the ethnic and cultural diversity, the effect of the immigrants on Brazil, the effect of mega-events on Brazil, as well as the impact of tourism on the effect of tourism on the livelihood of local people. References Ahlerup, P Olsson, O 2012,The roots of ethnic diversity,Journal of Economic Growth,vol. 17, no. 2, pp.71-102. Coria, J Calfucura, E 2012, Ecotourism and the development of indigenous communities: The good, the bad, and the ugly,Ecological Economics,vol. 73, pp. 47-55. De Araujo, LM Dredge, D 2012,Tourism development, policy and planning in Brazil,Tourism in Brazil: Environment, Management and Segments,vol. 31, pp.17-29. de Oliveira, CAF, de Lima, IB Falco, MT 2017, The Patax case in Bahia,in Tourism and Ethnodevelopment: Inclusion, Empowerment and Self-determination, Routledge. ISBN: 978-0-415-78844-1. Dias, A, Da Silva, JC, Kagueiama, HH, Haddad, CR, Uriona, MM, Lezana, Juliatto, DL 2015,Railway industry roadmap in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil,Transport Problems,vol. 10(spec.), pp.29-36. Fifa.com 2017,2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil - News - FIFA.com. [online] FIFA.com.,viewed 23 September 2017, https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/brazil2014/news/index.html Frisch, T 2012, Glimpses of another world: The favela as a tourist attraction,Tourism Geographies,vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 320-338. Heraldlive.co.za 2017, viewed 23 September 2017, https://www.heraldlive.co.za/news/world/2017/02/28/accident-controversial-floats-mar-spirit-rio-carnival/ Lima, A 2012, Eat your way through culture: Gastronomic tourism as performance and bodily experience,Slow Tourism: Experiences and Mobilities,vol. 54, p. 69. Lohmann, G Pearce, DG 2012,Tourism and transport relationships: The suppliers perspective in gateway destinations in New Zealand,Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research,vol. 17, no. 1, pp.14-29. Luchiari, MTD Serrano, C 2015,Tourism and environment in Brazil,Livros, pp.255-276. Maiello, A Pasquinelli, C 2015,Destruction or construction?A (counter) branding analysis of sport mega-events in Rio de Janeiro,Cities,vol. 48, pp.116-124. Meyer, A 2017,Brazil Beaches. [online], viewed 23 September 2017, https://www.brazil.org.za/beaches.html Meyer, A 2017,Brazil Culture. [online],viewed 23 September 2017, https://www.brazil.org.za/brazil-culture.html Meyer, A 2017,Iguazu Falls. [online], viewed 23 September 2017, https://www.brazil.org.za/iguazu-falls.html Meyer, A 2017,So Paulo. [online], viewed 23 September 2017,https://www.brazil.org.za/sao-paulo-city.html Mills, BM Rosentraub, MS 2013,Hosting mega-events: A guide to the evaluation of development effects in integrated metropolitan regions,Tourism Management,vol. 34, pp.238-246. Pegas, FDV Castley, JG 2014, Ecotourism as a conservation tool and its adoption by private protected areas in Brazil,Journal of Sustainable Tourism,vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 604-625. Rio-carnival.net 2017,Rio Carnival Tickets 2018 your 2018 RIO CARNIVAL GUIDE: Programs, Venues, Tickets, Hotels and Costumes. [online], viewed 23 September 2017, https://www.rio-carnival.net/ Rio-carnival.net 2017, RIO-CARNIVAL.net | the Samba Schools of Rio de Janeiro. [online], viewed 23 September 2017, https://www.rio-carnival.net/samba-school/samba-schools-rio-de-janeiro.php Unesco.org 2017,Cultural Diversity in Brazil | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. [online], viewed 23 September 2017, https://www.unesco.org/new/en/brasilia/culture/cultural-diversity/ Worldatlas.com 2017,Brazil Map / Geography of Brazil / Map of Brazil - Worldatlas.com. [online], viewed 23 September 2017, https://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/samerica/br.htm

The Importance of Common Salt free essay sample

NaCl, is known as common salt. It is important because it is essential to the health of human beings and of animals. for domestic use it is fined down to what is known as table-salt, and small quantities of other chemicals are added to it to keep it free-flowing when in contact with the atmosphere. Salt and potassium are combined to produce iodised salt, used when iodine is lacking in diet. Its absence cause goitre, the swelling of the thyroid gland. Livestock as well as humans need salt, and this provided in the form of solid blocks, known as salt-licks. Salt is also crucial to the food industry. It is used in meat packing sausage-making and fish-curing both for seasoning and as a preservative. It is also used in the curing and preserving of hides and in the form of brine of brine for refrigeration purposes. Salt is extensively used in the chemical industry; in the manufacture of baking soda, sodium bicarbonate; of caustic soda, sodium hydroxide; of hydrochloric acid, of chlorine etc. We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Common Salt or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is also used in soap-making, and in the manufacture of glaze and porcelain enamel. It also enters metallurgic processes as flu, a compound used to assist the fusing of metals. Salt lowers the melting point of water, so in combination with grit, it is used for clearing roads of snow and ice. It is also used for water-softening by means of removing calcium and magnesium compounds from tap water.

Free Essays on Mascots

Do you remember when you went to your school football games and seen the schools mascots. Well how would you like it if the board of education said you were humiliating someone’s cultural? The only way to fix it is to get rid of the mascot that has been symbolizing your school for the last thirty years or so. You would not like it and many students that are in high school with Indian mascots are going through this. Many schools such as Fallbrook also know as the warriors, the El Cajon valley high braves are some of the schools that are some of the high schools that legislation wants to abolish the mascots. The legislation is saying that high school mascots that symbol American Indians are making fun of there cultural. I personally don’t see what can offend them as me being part Indian don’t see anything wrong with it. Mascots are a high school must but what would you do if your teachers said you are making fun of Indians because you are the Fallbrook warriors. Well I would want to know why? Many students are probably not aware of him or her making someone’s cultural. I don’t think they should be saying they are â€Å"humiliating Indian cultural†. As a student I think that many things are wrong with this. First off-instead of changing the school’s mascots because they are ‘humiliating Indians† they should educate the students on were there mascots are from and study the cultural. As for me I don’t think they are offending at all. Mascots are a necessary in high school it’s a way to have fun and get away form classes. Different mascots are better then just one because if we all had the same school mascot it would not be as much fun. As for the schools that have Indians as there mascots don’t make it â€Å"humiliating† they make it honorable. If you ask me I think the legislation should educate their students or their mascots and not waste the money and change them.... Free Essays on Mascots Free Essays on Mascots Do you remember when you went to your school football games and seen the schools mascots. Well how would you like it if the board of education said you were humiliating someone’s cultural? The only way to fix it is to get rid of the mascot that has been symbolizing your school for the last thirty years or so. You would not like it and many students that are in high school with Indian mascots are going through this. Many schools such as Fallbrook also know as the warriors, the El Cajon valley high braves are some of the schools that are some of the high schools that legislation wants to abolish the mascots. The legislation is saying that high school mascots that symbol American Indians are making fun of there cultural. I personally don’t see what can offend them as me being part Indian don’t see anything wrong with it. Mascots are a high school must but what would you do if your teachers said you are making fun of Indians because you are the Fallbrook warriors. Well I would want to know why? Many students are probably not aware of him or her making someone’s cultural. I don’t think they should be saying they are â€Å"humiliating Indian cultural†. As a student I think that many things are wrong with this. First off-instead of changing the school’s mascots because they are ‘humiliating Indians† they should educate the students on were there mascots are from and study the cultural. As for me I don’t think they are offending at all. Mascots are a necessary in high school it’s a way to have fun and get away form classes. Different mascots are better then just one because if we all had the same school mascot it would not be as much fun. As for the schools that have Indians as there mascots don’t make it â€Å"humiliating† they make it honorable. If you ask me I think the legislation should educate their students or their mascots and not waste the money and change them....

R&D 3 Plan and Develop Solution Progress Check TMGT421 Research Paper

R&D 3 Plan and Develop Solution Progress Check TMGT421 - Research Paper Example Testing and recording these features will make it possible and easy to know which components of the air conditioners make them high electric energy consumers (United States, 1989). These sampled features will then be cross-examined with the minimum electric requirements of the components of domestic air conditioners. After adjusting the identified features to the recommended electrical energy requirement thresholds, the modified air conditioners will be reinstalled in the houses from which they were sampled (National Research Council (U.S.), 1990). The efficiency and effectiveness as well as the electric energy consumptions of these air conditioners are to be monitored. One feature that shall be incorporated on the experimental air conditioners is the thermostat to regulate the temperatures within which they should operate. It is known that an air conditioner should run two to three cycles per hour; hence, adding a temperature regulator will ensure that these cycles are not prolonged thereby leading to too much of electric consumption. The project will use five air conditioners that shall be left to operate for a period of five months after making the necessary adjustments. Both qualitative and quantitative data shall be collected to ensure the efficiency and effectiveness (qualitative, since th e user will give reports0 and new electric bill collected from the designated households (quantitative) to give a report of the changes realized on the electric energy consumption (National Research Council (U.S.) and National Academies Press (U.S.), 2010). Nonetheless, the modified air conditioners should be highly effective and efficient than the current ones. National Research Council (U.S.)., & National Academies Press (U.S.). (2010). Capabilities for the future: An assessment of NASA laboratories for basic research. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press. United States. (1989). R & D in the construction industry:

Working in Groups in the Organizational Setting Research Paper

Working in Groups in the Organizational Setting - Research Paper Example It was stated by Dr Carl Rogers’ theory of Person-Centered Approach (Brazier) that we all have the drive within us which enable us, given the right conditions, to develop in a way that offers us the greatest potential as human beings. Rogers had termed it â€Å"self-actualizing tendency†. A good leader/facilitator must be able to realize that each of them has that tendency and has the ability to use that for the purpose of fulfilling the group’s aim. To be able to achieve that, first, he must have an honest understanding of himself and of his full potential. He must be able to convey a strong vision of the future as people tend to follow those who have a clear direction. He must be conceived as a character worthy of respect, which would then lead to trust and confidence of his group workers. As mentioned previously, good communication skill is also of great importance. Spoken words should not be the mere mode of relaying his message but by incorporating it with n on-verbal cues and concrete visual examples as well. He focuses on the group and understands the full course of all his actions and what it can imply to the members of the group. He must first understand the task completely and be able to relay it to the group in the manner that he will inculcate to each member plays an important part. He must be able to communicate a clear vision of where the group needs to go. That pertains to authority that would be able to make the members work for the sake of the group’s vision and harmony in the sense that he would be open to the member’s idea and suggestion. His point must be clearly inculcated at the very start, as he lay down his ground rules, if not simply imply his baseline.

The Competitive Strategies Of Coca Cola Economics Essay

The Competitive Strategies Of Coca Cola Economics Essay This paper is discussing about the economic market structure, especially for imperfect competition market which are monopolistic competition market and oligopoly market. There will be explanations about definition, characteristics, and examples of monopolistic competition market and oligopoly market. There is Dunkin Donuts Inc. for the monopolistic competition market and Coca Cola Co. for the oligopoly market. This paper also will discuss about competitive strategies of Coca Cola. Introduction In economy study, people know that there are view types of market in the existence. These market types are differentiated according to number / distribution of firm(s) in the market. According to Sloman Norris (2002), there are four types of market structures in the practice, which are perfect competition, monopoly and monopolistic competition, oligopoly markets. Perfect competition market is a market with the most sellers and buyers in transaction. In this type of market, the products that provided are mostly homogenous. To get in into this market, there are no barriers. Both of the buyers and sellers is price taker (OSullivan et al, 2008), so in this market price is not the factor that could affect the sales, instead of it service is much more attractive. Monopoly market is a market with a single firm that provide product that has no close-substitutes. This condition clearly shows that this type of firm has power that will allow them as the price maker, since there are no close-substitutes that can be chosen by consumer to replace the use of the service or goods provided by the firm. In this monopoly market there is entry barriers such as patent, government policy, etc. Perfect competition and monopoly market are the extreme condition in market. The other two market structures which are monopolistic competition and oligopoly market is more common type of market that we can see in the real life situation if they are compared to perfect competition and monopoly market. This paper will discuss more on imperfect competition market that are the including the monopolistic competition market and the oligopoly market, which are more relevance to the practice with the relevance and appropriate examples. Contents Theory Monopolistic Competition Market Monopolistic competition was developed by an American economist named Edward Chamberlin in 1930s (Sloman Norris 2002). Monopolistic is a type of monopoly market; there are quite number of firms running in the industry, but they produce a differential product which distinguish them from other. In monopolistic market, a firm is independence; means that firm in this market are hardly affected with their competitors act or decision, or vice versa (Sloman Norris 2002). Firms in the monopolistic market are offering their products through different things from their competitors; appearance, levels, technology, quality, price, etc. These differentiations of product are also known as Product differentiation (Parkin,2000). There are no entry barriers to get in into this monopolistic competition market. Barrier such as patent or government regulation is not applicable in this market (OSullivan et al, 2008). According to Parkin (2000), firms have the free entry and exit in monopolistic market. Normally if the condition of this market is highly profitable there will be a positive signal that invite numbers of firm to come in and the distribution of profit will be divided to the firms in market, but when they performance of market is low, there will be number of firm as well leaving this market. The below tables show monopolistic market in profit and loss time (Case Fair, 2008): However, in the long run there will be no super abnormal profit for firms in monopolistic market, since because of the signaling, firms are freely enter and exit from the market. Here is the long term condition graph (Case Fair, 2008): Oligopoly Market Oligopoly is a term that derived from the term of the Greeks which are oligos meaning little or few and polein meaning to sell. Oligopoly refers to a market where there are only few firm running the business in the field. (Tucker, 2005). Not the same with monopolistic, to enter into oligopoly market is not easy to be done, since oligopoly market has the entry barrier as monopoly market (Sloman Norris 2002). According to OSullivan et al (2008), government has intervention in this market, making sure there is no bunch of firms operating in the oligopoly industry by issuing controller such as patent and business licenses. Besides that, firms in oligopoly market are majority competing also by advertising campaign. The expenditure budget for advertising in this market is very high. Not similar with monopolistic competition market, oligopoly market is interdependent. The decision that made by firm that operating in oligopoly will affect the other firms that operating in the same market. In this market there will be no firm that does not consider the action taken by their rival. Most of the companies in oligopoly firm compete through non-price competition. By practicing non-price competition, each oligopolist create barrier for competitors to combat an important product improvement. Here are some examples of non-price competition (Riley, 2006): Free deliveries and installation Extended warranties for consumers and credit facilities Longer opening hours (e.g. supermarkets and petrol stations) Branding of products and heavy spending on advertising and marketing Extensive after-sales service Expanding into new markets or diversification of the product range In oligopoly market, the graph of demand will shows a kinked curve. The kinked demand curve model happen because of two assumptions that made in oligopoly market, which are: If a firm rising the selling price, the other firms remain (not follow to increase the price) If a firm cutting the selling price, the other firms will follow to cut down their selling price as well Kinked demand curve in monopolistic market (Anonymous, n.d) Oligopoly market has a tendency to thinks what is their competitor reaction to their new policies. To examine this oligopolist behavior can be done with the Game Theory. Game Theory is a study to analyze the strategic behavior depends on the reaction of the competitor into the new policies (Sloman Norris 2002). As outlined by Samuelson and Nordhaus (2005), some general findings of game theorist in the area of imperfect competition are: As the number of non-cooperative oligopolists becomes large, industry price and quantity tend toward the perfectly competitive outcome. If firms decide to collude rather than compete, the market price and quantity will be close to those generated by monopoly. But experiments suggest that as the number of firms increases, collusive agreements become more difficult to police and the frequency of cheating and non-cooperative behavior increases. In many situations, there is no stable equilibrium for oligopoly. Strategic interplay may lead to unstable outcomes as firms threaten, bluff, start price wars, capitulate to stronger firms, punish weal opponents, signals their intentions, or simply exit from the market. In this Game Theory, there is also a term called Prisoners Dilemma that illustrate the difficulties in maintaining a cooperation (Mankiw, 2004). According to Parkin (2000), there are 3 things that need to be paid attention in Game Theory, which are rules, strategies and payoffs. The game theory will be illustrated as following: A and B are caught stealing a car, both of them were interrogated by the polices and they will sentence for 2 years in prison. The police suspect that A and B is involved in recent robbery, but they have no evidence to prove it. Rules: A and B were put in different cabin, each told they are suspected involve in robbery. If both of them confess they did it, they will sentence into 3 years prison, however if one of them confess and the other one does not, the first one will only sentence for 1 year prison and the other one 10 years. Strategies: the possible action that can be taken by A and B are , Confess or denied they involved in the robbery. Payoffs: because there are two players and two strategies, there are four possible outcomes, which are: Both confess, both denied, A confesses B denies, and B confesses A denies. 10 Years 1 Year 2 Years 2 Years 3 Years 3 Years 1 Year 10 Years Prisoners Dilemma Payoffs Matrix (Parkin 2000) Company in Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly Market Monopolistic competition market can be entered easily, even though there are many competitors in the industry competing in it. Food and beverage industry is also included in monopolistic competition market. In example Starbucks, McD, KFC, and Dunkin donuts are well known in the franchise business in food and beverage industry. Dunkin donuts is a beverage industry firm that provides donuts and the regular coffee. Founded in 1950, today Dunkin Donuts is the No. 1 retailer of hot and iced regular coffee-by-the-cup in America (Miranda, n.d.). In beverage industry like Dunkin donuts we can see there is quite numbers of firms are operating in the same industry such as Krispy Kreme, Starbucks, etc. Each of these companies has their own characteristic that differentiate them with their competitors; such as Krispy Kreme is more concentrating in the production of donuts, while Starbucks are providing more various blended coffee. However, Dunkins donut also has its own characteristic which is providing the regular coffee with the delicious donuts or cakes. According to Miranda (n.d.), Dunkin Donuts in Florida are doing very well and doing better than the other franchises in other states. Dunkin Donuts sells 52 different donuts and more than a dozen coffee beverages as well as bagels, breakfast sandwiches, and other baked beverages. Dunkin donuts is having a powerful market position. It has become the No.1 in regular hot coffee sales, No.1 in bagels, No.1 in donuts and No.3 in breakfast sandwiches, and Dunkin donut is developed with a strong and profitable franchise business model (Goumas, 2006). There is no entry barrier for those firms that wanted to come into beverage market, such as J.Co in Malaysia; its a new comer in the beverage industry. For Oligopoly market there is Coca Cola Co. which is leading in the carbonated beverage industry for years. There are only a few producers in carbonated beverage, this makes carbonated beverage industry included in oligopoly market. Coca Cola Co. are included in oligopoly market, even though in the real life there is quite a lot carbonated drinks available (which can be categorized into monopolistic competition), such as FN in Malaysia. But in the practice, these carbonated beverages industries were dominated by Coca Cola Co. and Pepsi Co. for decades, this beverage industry become oligopoly. Thus, for the smaller firm such as FN in beverage industry has their sales in a little share and cannot be compared to the sales of Coca Cola and Pepsi. The main rival of Coca Cola is Pepsi Co., which has been decades competing in the Coke industry. In the carbonated soft drink industry today, Coco-Cola dominated 43.7% of the market, followed by PepsiCo. occupied 31.6% and Cadbury-Schweppes 15.8% (In January 1999, the smallest oligopolist Cadbury Schweppes PLC, sold part of its international business to Coca-Cola Co.) ( oligopolywatch.com, 2005). The branding and advertisement effort for Coca Cola and Pepsi are also competitive and they have their own characteristic. For Pepsi, they always hire well-known artist such as Britney Spears, Beyonce and Pink to advertise their Pepsi Coke. In the other side, Coca Cola always use a creative advertisement. They never stop their advertisement, even though they know that both of them is the leader in the industry, because they never want to lose to one another. From the number of firms in the market, the tendency that firms can go in into market and the branding advertisement effort, makes the carbonated beverage industry become an oligopoly market rather than monopolistic competition market. Competitive Strategies of Coca Cola Co. Advertisement and Sponsorship Consider the long-running Coke-Pepsi feud, both Coca-Cola Co. and PepsiCo. are trying to made a useful foil for advertising, and company created product distinctions during the competition. During the Beijing Olympic in 2008, again Coca Cola has been the official partner for this event in past 80 years. For Coca Cola there is never too early to do promotion, it proven by the launching of limited edition Coca Cola Olympic edition with various languages (Baar, 2008). In December 2008, Coca Cola running a new mobile marketing campaign in Germany and also they did advertise in television that showing the Coca-Cola truck driving through a snowy landscape. (Khan, 2008). Expand in Market and Product Range Recently, Coca Cola put more effort in expanding their production in China. Coca Cola Co. has built 2 production plant in the less developed central and west China (The Coca Cola Company Press, 2009). Since Pepsi sales compare to Coca Cola sales in China is larger, Coca Cola does not stop expanding their target which is China market. Coca Cola Co. has variety products which have been introduced as the needs of the customer. As stated in The Coca Cola Company Press (2009), Coca Cola has more than 3,000 beverages, from diet and regular sparkling beverages to still beverages such as 100 percent fruit juices and fruit drinks, waters, sports and energy drinks, teas and coffees, and milk-and soy-based beverages, our variety spans the globe. Keep Innovative and Efficient over the Long Run Oligopolistic competition is proved to be beneficial, because it provides continuous improvement, and ensures that managements would keep their organizations innovative and efficient over the long run. Argued by Zachary (1999), market leaders need challengers to keep them on their toes. According to Weier (2009), Coca Cola Company plant to lunch out Freestyle drink dispenser, in the US nationwide. This dispenser have the concept of fulfill customer choice to new heights, the most interesting aspect is the technology its built on. Cutting Price By doing innovation such as lunch out Freestyle drink dispenser, it will help Coca Cola Company to do price cutting. Freestyle will become Cokes front-line robotic army for business intelligence, sending massive amounts of consumption data back to the beverage companys Atlanta headquarters. The dispensers collect data on what customers are drinking and how much, and transmit that information each night over a private network to data warehouse system in Atlanta. Unique byproduct of this BI enabled dispenser is that Coke can try out new flavors and get back almost real time feedback on the viability of its success.   It will no longer have to ensemble Customer focus group and try it out in a lab.   The real world becomes the lab and the marketing department at Coke can watch consumers vote yea or nay on the viability of new product instantaneously.   This not only improves the speed of feedback but also makes the entire test marketing process cheaper.   Conclusion There is perfect competition market and imperfect competition market. Perfect competition markets are including perfect competition and monopoly market. However, imperfect competition markets are monopolistic competition market and oligopoly. From the overall analysis, it shows that the oligopoly is the most difficult competitive structure to evaluate than other market structures, because the intensity of competition is high whereby oligopolists battle for market share. Each and every move by a player attracts retaliation. And many market structures tend towards being an oligopoly as time progresses. In oligopoly market effort such as branding, advertising, business expansion is very core. Since the price battle cannot be done in oligopoly market, a firm must be able to make moves in non-price battle. To gain the competitive advantages in the long run, Coca Cola need to take care about their advertisement and sponsorship program, developing the research and development, keep expanding their market; specially the location where Pepsi Co. gain more sales compare to Coca Cola. Coca Cola Company is one of the successful firms in oligopoly market, their effort to be existence in the market has leaded them to the top of beverage market until now.

Disc Assessment Essay

DISC Assessment Paper Organizational behavior studies have become more significant in today’s present years than hey were before in past years, this is due to companies realizing that in order to acclimatize to the constantly changing business cultures that have stemmed from a competitive and rapidly moving market, they must put more emphasis on the correlation between human behavior and the organization. Understanding this concept has led many several companies to put investment into behavior assessments and seminars and use them as a training tool to educate their employees and learn the reasons for each person’s behavior and attitudes and how to handle and approach these various types of behaviors and attitudes. In this paper we will be discussing the study of various behaviors via taking the DISC platinum Rule Behavioral Style Assessment to identify both me and my learning team member’s predominant behavior styles. We will then analyze our behavior styles, our strengths and weaknesses identified within our styles and whether or not we agree or disagree with the assessment. The DISC Assessment categorized both of our behavioral types as being the interactive style and our sub styles were lc. The Interactive Style also called I Style is friendly, enthusiastic, a â€Å"party animal† that love to be where all the action is. They thrive on the acknowledgment, admiration and compliments that follow being in the spot light. They are more relationship-oriented than they are task-oriented. An Interactive style’s strengths are charm, persuasiveness, warmth and enthusiasm. They are gifted in skills and communication between individuals as well as groups. They are optimists with a large amount of charisma. They are also dreamers and idea-people who excel in getting others excited about their vision. All of these qualities assist them in influencing people and building alliances. The interactive style’s weaknesses are pinpointed as poor follow-through, carelessness, exaggeration and disorganization. They have a habit of getting to involved in too many activities and lose interest quickly. Furthermore, they can at times be seen as being impetuous, manipulative, and excitable when displaying behavior that is inappropriate to a situation. When analyzing the results of the DISC Assessment and the summary of my behavior. We were able to comprehend why we function and act the way that we do while interacting with our co workers, family and people. We both started to think about our adolescent years until now and realized that everyone wanted to be our friends and we were also chosen to be the leader most of the time. I would sometimes avoid being the leader and Gina would always be the leader but we were also both content with just being apart of the activities and tasks needing to be accomplished but our ability to drive others and complete task with enthusiasm would always show because of this we were thereby always moved to the front of the crowd. We also noticed that this same thing applies when were in the workplace; we were both again selected to be a leader after just a short time of displaying our abilities to charm and motivate. Gina noticed that she is always the person to excite employees and get them to produce at a faster pace when completing departmental tasks and goals. Gina saw that her managers are always pleased with her people skills and that they often use her as an example to her peers when adjusting or presenting new changes to the department. I identified that I was good at innovation at work and creating new ideas. Gina and I both welcome and look forward to change because it keeps and sparks our interest. We both despise boredom. DISC offered us so much information about our interactive style’s typical business characteristics such as wanting to be included by others in significant events such as research and brainstorming, resisting control and desiring freedom. In our personal lives we both also realized how our behavior style applied because we both don’t like when someone doesn’t give us their undivided attention and when were not given an opportunity to express ourselves or opinions.